Whole-course management strategies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: an evidence mapping study based on clinical practice guidelines / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common digestive diseases with high incidence, complicated clinical symptoms, difficulties in standard treatment, and heavy medical burden. At present, some GERD-relevant clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been issued by different countries and academic organizations, but some recommendations were inconsistent, which has caused some problems for the current clinical whole-course management of GERD. To summarize the relevant evidence among the CPGs on GERD and formulate the whole- course management strategies, we included GERD-relevant CPGs published or updated after 2010 by searching websites of guidelines, relevant professional societies, and electronic databases. We extracted the recommendations and summarized the evidence from the aspects of symptoms, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, which was presented in the form of evidence mapping. We included 24 CPGs, including three in Chinese and 21 in English. The clinical practice management strategies of GERD were formulated based on the evidence from the aspects of clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, medical treatment, anti-reflux surgery and endoscopic treatment, psychological treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Questionnaire investigation of radiation rectal injury with anxiety, depression and somatic disorder / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To observe the incidence and treatment of radiation rectal injury complicated with anxiety, depression and somatic symptom disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional survey research method was carried out. Patients with radiation rectal injury managed by members of the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery were the subjects of investigation. The inclusion criteria of the survey subjects: (1) patients suffered from pelvic tumors and received pelvic radiotherapy; (2) colonoscopy showed inflammatory reaction or ulcer in the rectum. Exclusion criteria: (1) patient had a history of psycho-somatic disease before radiotherapy; (2) patient was unable to use a smart phone, unable to read and understand the questions in the questionnaire displayed on the phone; (3) patient refused to sign an informed consent form. According to the SOMA self-rating scale, PHQ-15 self-rating scale, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 self-rating scale, the electronic questionnaire of "Psychological Survey of Radiation Proctitis" was designed. The questionnaire was sent to patients with radiation rectal injury managed by the committee through the WeChat group. Observational indicators: (1) radiation rectal injury symptom assessment: using SOMA self-rating scale, radiation rectal injury symptom classification: mild group (≤3 points), moderate group (4-6 points) and severe group (> 6 points); (2) incidence of anxiety, depression and physical disorder: using GAD-7, PHQ-9 and PHQ-15 self-rating scales respectively for assessment; (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury symptom grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder. Results: Seventy-one qualified questionnaires were collected, of which 41 (56.9%) were from Guangzhou. Among the 71 patients, 6 were males and 65 were females; the mean age was (55.7±9.3) years old and 48 patients (67.6%) were less than 60 years old; the median confirmed duration of radiation rectal injury was 2.0 (1.0, 5.0) years. (1) Evaluation of symptoms of radiation rectal injury: 18 cases of mild (25.4%), 27 cases of moderate (38.0%), and 26 cases of severe (36.6%). (2) Incidence of anxiety, depression and somatic disorder: 12 patients (16.9%) without comorbidities; 59 patients (83.1%) with anxiety, depression, or somatic disorder, of whom 2 patients only had anxiety, 1 patient only had depression, 9 only had somatic disorder, 2 had anxiety plus depression, 4 had anxiety plus somatic disorder, 2 had depression plus somatic disorder, and 40 had all three symptoms. (3) correlation of radiation rectal injury grading with anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder: as compared to patients in mild group and moderate group, those in severe group had higher severity of anxiety and somatic symptom disorder (Z=-2.143, P=0.032; Z=-2.045, P=0.041), while there was no statistically significant difference of depression between mild group and moderate group (Z=-1.176, P=0.240). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that radiation rectal injury symptom score was positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.300, P=0.013), depression (r=0.287, P=0.015) and somatic symptom disorder (r=0.344, P=0.003). Conclusions: The incidence of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptom disorder in patients with radiation rectal injury is extremely high. It is necessary to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of somatic symptom disorder, so as to alleviate the symptoms of patients with pelvic perineum pain and improve the quality of life.

Research progress of single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world, which has a high incidence in our country and threatens people's health seriously. Laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is one of the main methods of surgical treatment for gastric cancer, whose clinical application has a history of near 30 years. With the in-depth understanding of minimally invasive surgery and the improvement of patients' cosmetic demand, single-incision laparoscopic surgery has emerged. Since the first report of single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in 2010, its safety has been preliminarily confirmed. While this result still needs to be further verified by more prospective randomized controlled studies. Compared with traditional laparoscopic radical gastrectomy, single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy has the advantages of less trauma, less postoperative pain and faster postoperative recovery. So it has been favored by surgeons. However, the steeper learning curve and difficult operation of single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy limit its promotion in clinical applications. At present, there are still controversies and confusions in the single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. This article elucidates the advances and existing problems of single-incision laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.

Safety and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and S-1 for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer after D2 lymph nodes dissection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with S-1 (SOX) as adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 radical gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods: A descriptive case series study was applied. Case inclusion criteria: (1) locally advanced gastric cancer confirmed by endoscopic biopsy or surgical specimen pathology as gastric adenocarcinoma; (2) receiving D2 radical gastric resection followed by SOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy. Case exclusion criteria: (1) postoperative pathological TNM stage I or IV; (2) acute complications and emergency surgeries; (3) receiving neoadjuvant therapy; (4) concurrent malignancies and complications compromising patients' treatment or survival; (5) without receiving adjuvant SOX chemotherapy. A total of 94 patients with stage II-III gastric cancer who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy and postoperative adjuvant SOX chemotherapy at department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Chemotherapy-related adverse events, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and log rank test was used to analyze the difference between groups. P<0.2 or clinically significant indicators in univariate analysis were included in Cox regression model for multivariate survival analysis. Results: Among these 94 patients, there were 65 males and 29 females with an average age of (58.2±12.1) years; 33 patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, 11 patients with family history of gastrointestinal tumors; 59 patients with tumors locating in the antrum or pylorus, 16 patients in the gastric body, 19 patients in the gastric fundus or cardia; 29 patients underwent total gastrectomy, 5 patients underwent proximal subtotal gastrectomy, and 60 patients underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy. In this study, 73 patients (77.7%) completed at least 5 cycles of adjuvant SOX regimen chemotherapy. Grade 3-4 adverse reactions included thrombocytopenia (23.4%, 22/94), nausea and vomiting (18.1%, 17/94) and peripheral neurotoxicity (6.4%, 6/94). Eighty-nine patients (94.7%) completed follow-up with a median follow-up time of 32 months. The 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 89.8% and 83.7%, respectively, and the 3-year and 5-year PFS rates were 81.4% and 78.1%, respectively. Taking 5 chemotherapy cycles as the cut-off point, the 3-year OS rate and 3-year PFS rate were 72.2% and 53.9% in the adjuvant chemotherapy < 5 cycles group, and 93.7% and 87.1% in the adjuvant chemotherapy ≥5 cycles group, respectively; the differences were statistically significant (P=0.029, P=0.006). Univariate analysis showed that the adjuvant chemotherapy < 5 cycles group was associated with worse 3-year OS (P=0.029). Multivariate analysis showed that insufficient chemotherapy cycle (HR=9.419, 95% CI: 2.330-38.007, P=0.002) was an independent risk factor for 3-year OS. Meanwhile, univariate analysis showed that the adjuvant chemotherapy <5 cycles (P=0.006), preoperative CEA > 4.70 μg/L (P=0.035) and adjacent organ resection (P=0.024) were associated with worse 3-year PFS. Multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy <5 cycles (HR=10.493, 95% CI: 2.466-44.655, P=0.001) and adjacent organ resection (HR=127.518, 95% CI: 8.885-1 830.136, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for 3-year PFS. Conclusions: Oxaliplatin combined with S-1 as an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced gastric cancer has high efficacy and low incidence of adverse reactions. At least 5 cycles of SOX regimen adjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve prognosis of patients with stage II-III gastric cancer.

Identifying a Safe Range of Stimulation Current for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Results from a Canine Model / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has been widely applied during thyroid surgery. However, the safe range of stimulation intensity for IONM remains undetermined.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total thyroidectomies were performed on twenty dogs, and their RLNs were stimulated with a current of 5-20 mA (step-wise in 5 mA increments) for 1 min. The evoked electromyography (EMG) of vocal muscles before and after supramaximal stimulation were recorded and compared. Acute microstructural morphological changes in the RLNs were observed immediately postoperatively under an electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average stimulating threshold for RLNs stimulated with 15 mA and 20 mA showed no significant changes compared to the unstimulated RLNs (15 mA group: 0.320 ± 0.123 mA vs. 0.315 ± 0.097 mA, P = 0.847; 20 mA group: 0.305 ± 0.101 mA vs. 0.300 ± 0.103 mA, P = 0.758). Similar outcomes were shown in average evoked EMG amplitude (15 mA group: 1,026 ± 268 μV vs. 1,021 ± 273 μV, P = 0.834; 20 mA group: 1,162 ± 275 μV vs. 1,200 ± 258 μV, P = 0.148). However, obvious acute microstructural morphological changes were observed in the nerves that were stimulated with 20 mA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A stimulation intensity less than 15 mA might be safe for IONM of the RLN.</p>

Short-term efficacy comparison of complete mesocolic excision and traditional colon cancer resection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the short-term efficacy of complete mesocolic excision (CME).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 62 cases of colon cancer (I-III phase) with radical resection including CME surgery group of 31 cases and traditional surgery group of 31 cases from January 2011 to October 2011 in Peking University People's Hospital were retrospective analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of removed lymph node in CME and traditional resection group was 22.5±1.8 and 17.6±1.3 respectively (P<0.05) and the positive rate of lymph node in mesentery root was 9.7% (3/31) in CME surgery group. Operative blood loss was (123.5±17.6) ml and (143.5±15.3) ml in CME and traditional resection group without significant difference (P>0.05). Except for more abdominal drainage volume of 3 days post-operation in CME group (P<0.05), the postoperative recovery indicators of postoperative drainage tube removed time, exhaust time, eating time, and the socioeconomic effects indicators of postoperative hospitalization, hospitalization costs were not significantly different between two groups (all P>0.05). Postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred in 3 cases and 4 cases, lymph fistula in 2 cases and 0 case, wound dehiscence in 1 case and 1 case in CME group and traditional resection group respectively. Postoperative complication rate was not significantly different (19.4% vs. 16.1%, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with traditional radical surgery, CME sweeps lymph nodes more thoroughly, including lymph nodes of mesocolic roots, and does not affect postoperative recovery and increase the risk of postoperative complications.</p>

Clinical and microbiological features of community-acquired and nosocomial bloodstream infections in the surgical department of a tertiary-care hospital in Beijing / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery. This study aimed at elucidating the clinical characteristics of community-acquired BSIs (CABs) and nosocomial BSIs (nBSIs) in patients admitted to the surgical wards of a teaching hospital in Beijing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional study compared 191 episodes of BSIs in 4074 patients admitted to the surgical wards between January 2008 and December 2011. Cases of BSIs were classified as CABs or nBSIs, and the characteristics, relevant treatments, and outcomes of CABs and nBSIs were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 191 BSIs, 52 (27.2%) and 139 (72.8%) were CABs and nBSIs, respectively. Escherichia coli, coagulasenegative staphylococci, and Klebsiella spp, were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. There were significant differences between CABs and nBSIs with respect to the use of hormonal drugs, ventilation, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and prevalence of cancer (P < 0.05). Empirical antibacterial therapy did not decrease the crude mortality, but multivariate analysis showed that high APACHE II was independently associated with a risk of mortality (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.02 for APACHE II).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We found significant differences in the clinical characteristics of surgical patients with CABs and nBSIs. The outcome of patients seems to be related to high APACHE II scores.</p>

Surveillance of bacterial distribution and drug resistance in inpatients with surgical infections: a single center study / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients with surgical infections, and provide the basis for the standardization treatment of the surgical infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospectively analyzed from January 2008 to December 2011 surgical infection in our samples bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 3829 nonduplicate isolates from 3257 samples, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 62.4% (the main microbes were P.aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and E.coli etc) and Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 37.6% (the main microbes were Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus). Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were on an obvious increase. For the performance of the high level of sensitive to Imipenem, Amikacin, Piperacillin and Tazobactam by E. coli and K. pneumonia. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to cephalosporins, Carbapenems and Fluoroqinolones were higher resistant with Multidrug resistance. No vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant Enterococcus faecium were found. The prevalence of ESBL E.coli was 45.6%-61.5% and ESBL K.pneumoniae isolates were fluctuated. The methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) isolates were relatively high (21.1%-55.8%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was higher than the other Gram-positive cocci. Vancomycin for Staphylococcus performance was highly sensitive.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main composition of surgical clinical infection pathogens are Gram-negative bacillus, and the emergency of resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs is a common phenomenon. The resistant rate shows ascendant trend; Drug resistance is significantly higher in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious and challenging issue.</p>

Animal experimental study of biodegradable magnesium alloy stapler for gastrointestinal anastomosis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and feasibility of biodegradable magnesium alloy stapler based on the result of animal experimental study for gastrointestinal anastomosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen beagle dogs were equally and randomly divided into experimental (magnesium alloy) group and control (titanium alloy) group. A gastrojejunal and a colonic anastomosis were performed in each beagle dog. The anastomosis time, postoperative complications, body weight, blasting pressure of anastomosis and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum magnesium were compared between the two groups. The healing of anastomosis and degradation of magnesium alloy were observed. The histopathological features of heart, liver, spleen and kidney were examined in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in anastomosis time, body weight, postoperative complications, anastomotic bursting pressure between the two groups. The anastomosis was healed well, and no dramatic inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Magnesium alloy could be degraded completely in the animal body within 90 days. There were no significant differences in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and serum magnesium between the two groups. Histopathological examination showed that the degradation of magnesium alloy did not harm the important organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain and spleen).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Magnesium alloy stapler is safe and feasible for gastrointestinal anastomosis in beagle dogs. The degradation of magnesium alloy does not harm the healing of anastomosis and other important organs. Magnesium alloy stapler may be a candidate of biodegradable and safe material of stapler for gastrointestinal anastomosis in human.</p>

Expression of transgelin-2 and clinical significance in colorectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the relationship between the expression of transgelin-2 and the clinicopathological factors of colorectal carcinoma and evaluate the value of transgelin-2 in prognostic assessment of the colorectal cancer patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical methods, we examined transgelin-2 of 120 colorectal cancer patients received surgical treatment from September 2002 to April 2004, including 74 male and 46 female, age from 26 to 89 years. Analyzed the relationship between transgelin-2 and both the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the colorectal cancer by using χ² test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to study the independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of transgelin-2 expression was 69.2% in colorectal carcinoma. The transgelin-2 expression correlated with differentiation degree (χ² = 5.420), lymph nodes metastasis (χ² = 45.577), distant metastasis (χ² = 12.009), and TNM staging (χ² = 47.577). The survival time was (39 ± 5) months in patients with positive expression of the transgelin-2, while (59 ± 3) months in patients with negative expression. The patient's survival time was statistically correlated with the transgelin-2 expression (P = 0.003). Distant metastasis (RR = 8.318, 95%CI: 4.119 - 16.790), lymph nodes metastasis (RR = 2.794, 95%CI: 1.246 - 6.263) and transgelin-2 expression (RR = 1.834, 95%CI: 1.118- 2.973) were independent prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of transgelin-2 is correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in colorectal cancer, may be the potential marker of metastasis and the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.</p>

Complete mesocolic excision versus traditional radical resection in colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the short-term efficacy and safety between complete mesocolic excision (CME) and traditional radical resection in colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2008 and August 2011, 92 patients undergoing elective open surgery for colon were included in the study. CME was performed in 54 patients in the period from November 2009 to August 2011. The other 38 patients underwent traditional radical resection from January 2008 to October 2009. Short-term outcomes were compared between the patients of two different time periods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lymph nodes retrieved in the CME group (22.2 ± 8.0) were significant more than that in the control group (18.6 ± 4.7)(P<0.05). In patients with stage III cancer, CME group was associated with higher lymph node counts (23.8 ± 7.6 vs. 16.7 ± 3.6, P<0.01), however, there were no significant differences for those with stage I and stage II cancer (P>0.05). The number of positive lymph nodes and metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) for stage III patients in two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). There were no differences in operation time, time to first bowel movement, hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the two groups (P>0.05). However, intraoperative blood loss in the CME group was significantly reduced (median, 100 vs. 115 ml, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CME can achieve en-bloc resection of the tumor and mesocolon, and have optimal lymph nodes harvest. Despite wider resection extent with CME technique, the surgical risk and postoperative complications are not increased and the short-term efficacy is good.</p>

Learning curve of complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the learning curve of complete mesocolic excision(CME) for colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 75 cases in whom CME was performed by a group of surgeons in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from November 2009 to June 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups(groups A, B, C, 25 cases in each group) by operative chronologic sequence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in age, sex, preoperative staging, cancer location, operation history of abdomen, ASA among the three groups(P>0.05). The operative time in group A was (205.4 ± 53.2) min and decreased to (180.4 ± 29.7) min in group B and (169.8 ± 41.3) min in group C (P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay decreased from (17.8 ± 10.9) d in group A to(12.9 ± 4.1) d in group B and(11.0 ± 3.5) d in group C(P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate decreased from 32%(8/25) in group A and 36%(9/25) to 8%(2/25) in group C. The specimen quality was superior in group C compared to group A (WEST grade C above were 20 and 11 respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intraoperative bleeding, time to first flatus, postoperative fasting time, number of retrieved lymph nodes among the three groups(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>From the learning curve of CME, surgeons can learn CME skill after performing 25 cases.</p>

Feasibility of complete mesocolic excision in elderly patients with colon cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the short-term outcomes and safety of complete mesocolic excision (CME) in elderly patients with colon cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical pathological factors of 71 patients with colon cancer undergoing CME procedure by the same group of surgeons were analyzed retrospectively from November 2009 to February 2012. The elderly group(≥70 years) and the non-elderly group(<70 years) were compared regarding short-term outcomes and safety.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Similar extent of resection could be achieved in the elderly and non-elderly groups in terms of area of mesentery[(13 049±4332) vs. (13 163±4725) mm2, P=0.916], distance between the tumor and the high ligation site[(95±22) vs. (98±20) mm, P=0.516], distance between normal bowel and high ligation site [(130±25) vs. (128±25) mm, P=0.731], the length of colon [(262±60) vs. (245±49) mm, P=0.212], and lymph nodes retrieved(22.0±6.4 vs. 24.8±9.9, P=0.168). The mean operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, time to first flatus, time to first bowel movement, drainage removal time, diet resumption, drainage volume in three days after surgery, and hospital deaths showed no statistical significances(all P>0.05), while hospital stay and expenses of the elderly group were significantly increased(both P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elderly patients undergoing elective CME operation can achieve similar operative extent and lymph nodes harvest, and the surgical risk is not increased.</p>

Case control study of hook needle knife for the treatment of stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect and safety of the hook needle knife for the treatment of stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2007 to September 2008, 60 outpatients with stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum were randomized divided into the treatment group and the control group, 30 cases in each group. Among the patients, 44 patients were female and 16 patients were male, aged from 34 to 69 years, averaged 56 years, the duration of disease ranged from 1 month to 1 year, averaged 3 months. All the patients were treated with hook needle knife and local-blocking respectively. The patients were followed up for 6 months, and the relief of moving-pain, tender-pain, stretching-pain and resist-ing--pain were observed respectively. All the patients were evaluated by the symptoms with numerical rating scale.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relief of moving-pain, tender-pain, stretching-pain and resisting-pain in the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group; and the therapeutic effects of treatment group were better than those of the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method for treating stenosing tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum with hook needle knife has advantages of definite effects, micro-invasion and safety.</p>

Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty in the treatment of Freiberg disease / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the short-term results of Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty in the treatment of late stage Freiberg disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2006 to December 2007, Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty was performed on 13 patients, 11 male (1 foot) and 12 females (17 feet), suffering from late stage Freiberg diseases. All the cases were the second metatarsophalangeal joints. According to the Smillie classification, 11 feet present with grade 4 osteonecrosis, 7 feet with grade 5. The AOFAS scoring system was used for clinical assessment. All the patients were followed up for an average of 11.3 months (3 to 17 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores were (50.06 +/- 9.59) and (77.50 +/- 4.99), respectively (P<0.05). The complaint of pain with joint motion was decreased in all patients. The postoperative passive range of motion of joints improved significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Swanson double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty yields satisfied short-term results in late stage Freiberg disease, which is effective to improve range of motion and relieve pain of joint.</p>

Treatment of capsulitis of little toe with minimal incisional osteotomy and manipulations / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study therapeutic effects of capsulitis of little toe treated with minimal incisional osteotomy and manipulations procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From 2003.7 to 2008.6, 90 patients (160 feet) with capsulitis of little toe including 3 male (5 foot) and 87 female (155 foot) ranging in age from 17 to 76 years(average of 49.2 years).The average medical history was 10.1 years ranging from 1 to 32 years. All patients with capsulitis of little toe were treated with minimal incisional osteotomy and manipulations procedures adopting the modified Coughlin standard to evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up, the duration of follow-up raunged from 3 to 36 months with averagement of 15.7 months. According to the modified Coughlin standard, 80 cases obtained an excellent result, 8 good, 2 fair and 0 poor, the effective rate was 97.8%. However,two patients were found delayed union after operation, the distal fragments healed following the time of fixation were delayed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The treatment of capsulitis of little toe with minimal incisional osteotomy and manipulations procedures is easy to operate and its therapeutic effect is convincing.</p>

Study on clinicopathological correlations between metabolic syndrome and colorectal carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathological relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 507 cases of colorectal cancer (colorectal cancer group) and 277 cases of nontumorous diseases (control group) treated from January 2002 to March 2007 were collected to set up the database. The patients with colorectal carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the presence of MS: MS group and non-MS group. Some clinicopathological factors were analyzed and compared between the two groups, such as age, gender, blood pressure, tumor family history, hypertension and diabetes mellitus history, body mass index (BMI), glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uric acid (UA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) , CA19-9, the tumor position, pathological stage, and liver metastasis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity rate of metabolic syndrome in the colorectal cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group. The rate of liver metastasis and tumor recurrence in the MS group was significantly higher than that in the non-MS group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To understand the relationship between MS and colorectal cancer is important for reducing the incidence of MS and colorectal cancer and the recurrence of the tumor and live metastasis.</p>

Clinicopathological analysis of synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the clinicopathological factors of synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer for early diagnosis and therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicopathological data of 367 cases with colorectal cancer from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006 in our department were collected to set up the database. All the patients were divided into two groups according to hepatic metastases or not. Clinicopathological factors were analyzed, such as age, sex, blood type, tumor family history, hepatitis and cirrhosis history, peritoneal or pelvic metastases, bowel obstruction, CEA, CA19-9, tumor localization and size, histological type, infiltration depth, lymph node metastases etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Out of 367 colorectal cancer cases, there were 56 cases with synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, accounting for 15.3%. The age, bowel obstruction, peritoneal or pelvic metastases, and tumor invasion depth were associated with the hepatic metastases. The primary tumor located in the right colon resulted in more right lobe hepatic metastases than those in the left lobe. The serum CEA level was associated with hepatic metastases. When serum CEA was more than 22.1 microg/L, the occurrence rate of hepatic metastases increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Peritoneal or pelvic metastases, bowel obstruction, age and serum CEA level are associated with synchronous hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.</p>

Clinical value of screening hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in China with protocol recommended by NCCN guidelines / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of the protocol recommended by NCCN-2007 on the diagnosis of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NCCN protocol consists of identifying HNPCC characteristics according to the revised Bethesda Guidelines,genetic counseling with immunohistochemistry and finally genetic testing. Four hundred and nineteen patients diagnosed as colorectal cancer from January 2002 to February 2006 were selected. The hMLH1 and hMSH2 immunostaining were implemented for 90 patients who fulfilled the revised Bethesda Guidelines, in whom 8 patients fulfilling the Amsterdam II (Criteria were classified as group A and the other 82 patients as group B. The frozen tissues were collected from patients who showed loss of hMLH1 or hMSH2 protein expression, then RNA was extracted, and RT-PCR and cDNA sequencing were adopted to detect the germline mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tumor tissues from 18 patients showed loss of hMLH1 or hMSH2 protein expression (5 patients in group A and 13 in group B). Finally, 21 patients(8 in group A and 13 in group B showed loss expression of MMR protein) were diagnosed as HNPCC, including 2 cases of hMLH1 and 1 case of hMSH2 mutations. These 3 cases with cDNA mutations did not fulfill the Amsterdam II( Criteria, and were finally diagnosed as HNPCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The protocol recommended by NCCN-2007 offers a useful approach to identify HNPCC patients,and reduces the possibility of missed diagnosis of HNPCC.</p>

The role of cyclooxygenase-2/prostanoid pathway in visceral pain induced liver stress response in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of prostanoids from arachidonic acid. COX-2 is the inducible enzyme in the COX family, together with the prostanoids forms the COX-2/prostanoid pathway. Research showed that the COX-2/prostanoid pathway is activated in hepatic diseases and liver stress reaction, such as fibrogenesis, portal hypertension, carcinogenesis, and ischemic/reperfusion injury. But there was no report on visceral pain induced liver stress. This study was to investigate the role of the COX-2/prostanoid pathway in liver stress response in rat acute colitis visceral pain liver stress model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three male SD rats were randomly divided into Naive, Model, NS398 treatment, and Morphine treatment groups. The rat acute colitis visceral pain liver stress model was established under anesthesia by the colonic administration of 0.5 ml of 6% acetic acid using a urethral catheter. NS398 and morphine were administrated 30 minutes prior to model establishment in NS398 and Morphine treatment groups respectively. Spontaneous activities and pain behavior were counted and the extent of colonic inflammation was assessed histologically. Liver tissue levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, COX-2 mRNA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-Ketone-prostaglandin F1alpha (6-K-PGF1alpha) contents were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty minutes after the colonic administration of acetic acid, a significant decrease in spontaneous activities and an increase in pain behaviors were observed in Model group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 respectively), accompanied by colonic inflammation. Liver GST activity levels significantly dropped (P < 0.05). Liver COX-2 mRNA expression significantly increased, accompanied by an increase in liver concentrations of PGE2 and TXB2, but no obvious change in 6-K-PGF1alpha concentrations. NS398 and morphine both ameliorated post-stress liver GST activity (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively), decreased stress-induced COX-2 expression, decreased PGE2 and TXB2 production, but increased liver 6-K-PGF1alpha levels. Morphine attenuation in colonic tissue inflammation was apparent at 24 hours (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acute colitis visceral pain liver stress can induce liver injury. Liver injury might have occurred through the activation of the COX-2/prostanoid pathway and increased production of PGE2 and TXB2. Effective analgesia might offer protective effect during visceral pain stress.</p>